Marijuana can affect your sex life and the brains of teens and is addictive to one in 10 people who use it. Read on to understand why smoking weed may impact us in these ways, as well as for an in-depth look at seven other interesting facts about cannabis you might not know. Marijuana refers to the dry material harvested from the Cannabis Indica or Cannabis Sativa plant that is usually smoked but can be consumed in many other ways.
The active ingredient, THC, causes a high as well as short and long-term consequences.
- Read: Marijuana addiction
Marijuana is addictive
Statistics show that between nine and 30% of regular marijuana users develop an addiction or substance use disorder. According to an American study, while 2.9% of the total population had a marijuana use disorder in the past year, in those who used marijuana, 30.6% were classified as having a cannabis use disorder.
Cannabis use disorder is a medically-accepted term used to classify people with an addiction to cannabis, which includes “adverse consequences, loss of control over use, and withdrawal symptoms”. Cannabis use disorder can range from mild to severe, according to the World Health Organisation. Severe cannabis use disorders, marked by a strong dependence on the drug, occur in one in 10 people who smoke weed. However, this estimate increases to one in six people if users start smoking before the age of 18.
Dr. Andrew Huberman explains the effects of cannabis (marijuana) on the adolescent and young adult brain: video.
Marijuana can negatively impact your sex life.
Several studies suggest that marijuana use is associated with higher-than-normal rates of risky sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted infections, especially in young people and women.
A 2011 study conducted on young people in the juvenile justice system in the United States found that there was a significant association between marijuana use and a decreased likelihood of condom use. Another study on young women found that early and current marijuana use was linked to a higher number of lifetime sexual partners. However, the link has also been found to exist in men. A study on men found that those who were diagnosed with gonorrhoea more frequently reported having sex after using marijuana during the preceding month.
Marijuana has also been found to affect men when it comes to sexual pleasure. Men who were frequent cannabis users were more likely to experience an inability to reach orgasm as desired.
Long-term cannabis use can impact cognitive function and lower IQ
According to the World Health Organisation, studies on regular marijuana users “have consistently found deficits in verbal learning, memory and attention”. These deficits are most significant in users who started smoking cannabis at an early age and those who have used the drug for a very long time.
It remains unclear if these deficits can be reversed after a person stops using weed.
Moreover, a study conducted in New Zealand found that a person’s IQ can decrease by as much as eight points if they are a long-term regular user of marijuana.
The negative impact of marijuana use is worse in children and adolescents
Evidence shows that heavy and regular cannabis use in childhood and adolescence has a more severe and long-lasting negative impact when compared to marijuana use in adulthood.
Younger brains tend to be more vulnerable to the negative impact of weed than the brains of adults.
The cognitive deficits seen in adolescents are similar to those seen in adults, but they are more long-lasting and less likely to be reversible after cannabis use is stopped. These deficits include problems with attention, learning and memory.
Research has found that marijuana use before the age of 15 is related to dropping out of school early. Long-term heavy cannabis use in children and adolescents is also associated with negative consequences later in life, such as having a low income, being unemployed and using other drugs.
An Australian study also found that those who used marijuana at a young age had higher rates of criminality and of being classified as juvenile offenders.
Marijuana has been linked to mental illnesses.
According to a summary of the evidence by the World Health Organisation, using marijuana with a higher THC content “may increase the risk for schizophrenia and lower the age of onset of the disease”.
This is especially true for people who start smoking the drug before adulthood. A 15-year follow-up study that included data from over 50,000 men in Sweden found that those who tried cannabis by the age of 18 were 2.4 times more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than those who did not.
A 27-year follow-up on the same cohort estimated that 13% of schizophrenia cases could have been prevented if none of the study participants had used marijuana.
It has been found that people with cannabis use disorders have higher rates of depression, but there is little evidence to suggest that marijuana causes depressive disorders. The link may be because people with depression use cannabis as a way to self-medicate.
People with marijuana use disorders have also been found to have higher rates of anxiety, eating disorders and personality disorders, but more research is needed to shed light on the exact nature of these associations.
THC levels have increased dramatically
According to the World Health Organisation, there has been an increase in the average THC content in the marijuana available in the United States over the past few decades. Other sources suggest this upward trend is not limited to America but is a global phenomenon related to different growing and curing techniques that maximise THC content.
In the United States, THC content increased from less than 2% in 1980 to around 12 – 16% or higher more recently. In 2015, several American laboratories reported marijuana products with a THC content of 20% or more.
Higher THC content is related to an increased risk of experiencing psychosis and developing schizophrenia, as well as higher rates of cannabis use disorders and an increased risk for marijuana intoxication-related car accidents.
For example, the use of high THC content products – with 15% THC or more – resulted in a three times increased risk of psychosis. If the use was daily, then there was a five-fold increased risk. By comparison, those using hash with a THC content of 5% or less did not tend to show symptoms of psychosis.
Using marijuana can cause heart and lung problems as well as strokes
Immediately after using marijuana, a person’s heart rate and blood pressure increase. More often than not, these changes don’t cause severe consequences. However, there have been reports of marijuana intoxication-related heart attacks and strokes.
Death related to heart problems was 2.5 times higher in people who used cannabis less than once a week and 4.2 times higher in those who used it once or more times a week compared to those who did not use the drug.
In 2015, an estimated 100 cases of cannabis-related strokes could be found in the scientific literature. Long-term use of cannabis has been found to negatively impact the lungs, with heavy users being more likely to report chronic cough, wheezing and bronchitis than non-users. These symptoms have been found to improve when a person quits smoking weed.
Studies have also suggested a link between smoking weed and an elevated risk of pneumonia.
Additionally, many smokers mix cannabis with tobacco and are therefore at risk of tobacco-related lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema.
Driving high has been proven to lead to accidents.
People driving while intoxicated with marijuana are more at risk of having motor car accidents because THC causes impairments in reaction time, information processing, coordination and attention.
People who drive while high on weed double their risk of having a car crash.
Driving while intoxicated with cannabis is one of the most important public health consequences related to this drug, as it has been found to result in death.
Furthermore, the risk has been found to increase in proportion to THC levels: The higher the level of THC in the blood, the higher the risk of a car accident.
Marijuana has been legalised or decriminalised in several countries and territories.
Uruguay became the first country to legalise the production, distribution and consumption of marijuana for recreational purposes in 2013. In 2018, Canada legalised and began to regulate its domestic cannabis market. A total of 18 states in America have legalised recreational use of marijuana. Some countries have decriminalised recreational use, including South Africa, Mexico and Portugal.
As laws are relaxed, recreational use of the drug has become more accepted and normalised in many societies. The perceived risks of marijuana have also decreased.
This has had an impact on the number of recreational users, which has increased substantially in recent years. The World Health Organisation has stated that one of the most important risk factors for drug use has been “laws and norms favourable towards drug use”.
A consequence of increased drug use is a proportional increase in the harms associated with marijuana, including the number of people becoming addicted to the drug or diagnosed with cannabis use disorders.
Using weed while pregnant can harm your baby
According to the World Health Organisation, cannabis exposure during pregnancy can “interfere with normal development and maturation of the brain” of unborn babies.
Children exposed to marijuana before birth have been found to have impaired attention, learning, and memory and demonstrate impulsivity and behavioural problems as they age. They have also been found to be more likely to use cannabis themselves when they are older.
However, there is much less research on the impact of using marijuana during pregnancy compared to alcohol or nicotine, and further studies are needed for scientists to understand the impact more clearly and in more detail.
Many people consider marijuana to be a harmless drug and non-addictive. The evidence shows that this is not true. We have explained the dangers of dagga in detail and according to the science.
Do you need help with a marijuana addiction? Contact us today.